Aortic dissection

Understanding the mechanisms behind aortic dissection

Artic dissection
Tension-inflation
Synchrotron X-ray tomography

I did this work during my PhD at École des Mines de Saint-Étienne as part of the AArteMIS project. My research was focused on vascular biomechanics. I worked at identifying and quantifying the mechanisms behind vascular failure and especially aortic dissection in order to develop new diagnostic tools and treatments for clinics.

Suture of a rabbit aortic sample on the tension-inflation device connectors

Suture of a rabbit aortic sample on the tension-inflation device connectors

To this end, I performed in situ experiments combining mechanical testing and imaging techniques. I created in vitro aortic dissections in porcine and rabbit aortas, and I observed them with X-ray micro-tomography, using either conventional or synchrotron X-ray sources.

Our tension-inflation device (foreground) in the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)

Our tension-inflation device (foreground) in the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF)

This approach made it possible to observe the 3D evolution of the delamination profile during the propagation of a dissection in the aortic wall.

X-ray radiography (2D) of an aortic dissection in real-time

X-ray radiography images (2D) of an aortic dissection in real-time

Using tension test combined with inverse methods, I was able to quantify the elastic and failure properties of the aortas.

Radiographic images of a tension test on a porcine aorta in the circumferential (left) and axial (right) directions

Radiographic images of a tension test on a porcine aorta in the circumferential (left) and axial (right) directions

Finally, I used finite element models to model the rupture and investigate the fracture modes of the tissue.

Numerical model reproducing an aortic dissection using eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM)

Numerical model reproducing an aortic dissection using eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM)